This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cachildwelfareclearinghouse.org/
This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cachildwelfareclearinghouse.org/
Child Welfare Outcomes: Child/family well-being
Type of Maltreatment: Emotional abuse, Exposure to domestic violence, and Physical abuse
Target Population: Parents, grandparents, teachers, babysitters, and other caretakers working with children
Brief Description:
1-2-3 Magic has been rated by the CEBC in the area of Parent Training. 1-2-3 Magic is a group format discipline program for parents of children approximately 2-12 years of age. The program can be used with average or special needs children. 1-2-3 Magic divides the parenting responsibilities into three straightforward tasks: controlling negative behavior, encouraging good behavior, and strengthening the child-parent relationship. The program seeks to encourage gentle, but firm, discipline without arguing, yelling, or spanking.
Provisional feedback form not available in printout. Please access the website to use the form.
1-2-3 Magic is typically taught in a group format. The program defines two basic kinds of problems that children present to adults; Stop Behavior and Start Behavior. When adults are frustrated with their youngsters, the kids are either (1) doing something the adults want them to Stop, or (2) not doing something the adults would like them to Start. Some Start behavior tactics (behavioral management techniques) include using: positive verbal feedback, a kitchen timer method, a docking system, natural consequences, and charting.
1-2-3 Magic has three simple steps:
1-2-3 Magic utilizes a counting technique that is clearly understood by children so they know the consequences of their actions. The secret is not just in the counting, however. The real secret or "magic" comes from parents learning when to keep quiet.
The 'Little Adult Assumption' explores the notion that children are not little adults and do not have the same reasoning capacity as an adult.
Parents also learn about managing the Six Kinds of Testing and Manipulation: badgering, intimidation, threats, martyrdom, butter-up, and physical.
Relationship building strategies are also provided in this program.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 was designed to be conducted in a group.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 has been tested for use in a group setting.
Testing references:
Bradley, S. J. et al. (2003). Brief psychoeducational parenting program: An evaluation and 1-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(10), 1171-1178.
The recommended group size is: 6-25.
Recommended intensity: One or two sessions per week.
Recommended duration: 1.5 hours per session for 4-8 weeks
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 includes a homework component.
Description: Homework assignments involve managing "Stop" behaviors (whining, arguing, tantrums, sibling rivalry, etc.) and encouraging "Start" behaviors (cleaning rooms, going to bed, homework, etc.) and relationship building strategies.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 is typically conducted in a(n): Adoptive Home, Birth Family Home, Community Agency, Foster Home, Hospital, Outpatient Clinic, Residential Care Facility, and School.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 was designed with a Parent Component.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 addresses the following presenting problems and symptoms: Parents with children with behavior problems involving compliance and oppositional issues. By effectively addressing behavior problems, the program also attempts to improve the adult/child relationship.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 was designed with a Child Component.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 addresses the following presenting problems and symptoms: Arguing, whining, sibling rivalry, disrespect, bedtime issues, homework compliance, etc.
Age range(s): 2-12
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 was not developed for children with developmental delays.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 has not been tested for children with developmental delays.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 was not designed for specific racial/ethnic/cultural groups.
1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 was not tested in specific racial/ethnic/cultural groups.
There is a manual that describes how to implement this program.
There is training available for 1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12.
Training contact: Contact Nancy Roe for more information at 630-469-0484.
Number of days/hours: 3-5 Hours
Training is obtained: Onsite
There currently are additional qualified resources for training.
List of additional qualified resources: Sig Taylor - Calgary, Canada 403-237-7501
The typical resources for implementing 1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 are: Microphone, classroom set up.
Mental health professionals or teachers
Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) is rated a "2 - Supported by Research Evidence" on the Scientific Rating Scale based on the published, peer-reviewed research available. The practice must have at least one rigorous randomized controlled trial with a sustained effect of at least 6 months. For more information on the rating of a "2 - Supported by Research Evidence," please see the Scientific Rating Scale.
Bradley, S. J., Jadaa, D., Broudy, J., Landy, S., Tallett, S. E., Watson, W., Shea, B., Stephens, D. et al, (2003). Brief psychoeducational parenting program: An evaluation and 1-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(10), 1171-1178.
Type of Study: Randomized Controlled Trial with wait-list control
Number of participants: 222
Population:
Location/Institution: Toronto, Canada
Summary: (To include comparison groups, outcomes, measures, notable limitations) Families were randomly assigned to 1-2-3 Magic or a wait-list control group. Measures were taken before and one month after the intervention and also at one-year post-intervention for a cohort of 70 intervention group participants. Measures of parenting behavior included the Parenting Scale (PS), which measures the dimensions of Over-reactivity, Laxness, and Verbosity. Parents filled out the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ), which measures child behavior on three factors: Hostile/Aggressive, Anxious, and Hyperactive/Distractable. They also completed the Preschool Characteristics Questionnaire (PCQ) which assesses levels of “difficult” behavior and, as a self-report, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), which measures issues such as depression, hostility and anxiety. All subscales of the PS, PBQ, and PCQ improved for the intervention group versus the control group pre- to posttest. Hostility improved on the BSI. At one-year follow-up, the intervention subgroup maintained improved results on the PS and the PBQ. PCQ difficult behavior score improvements were not maintained. Also, when examined more closely this subgroup did not exhibit the pretest posttest gains on the PBQ Hyperactive/Distractible and the BSI Hostility score shown by the total intervention sample. One limitation was that the sample overall was white, middle-class and educated and results might not generalize to other groups.
Length of post-intervention follow-up: 1 year
Bradley, S. J., Jadaa, D., Broudy, J., Landy, S., Tallett, S. E., Watson, W., Shea, B., Stephens, D. (2003) Brief psychoeducational parenting program: An evaluation and 1-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(10), 1171-1178.
Contact name: Thomas W. Phelan, Ph.D.
Affiliation/Agency: Parent Magic, Inc.
Email: pmi@pmi.cnchost.com
Phone: 630-790-9600
Fax: 630-469-4571
Website: http://www.parentmagic.com