The California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare
The California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare

This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cachildwelfareclearinghouse.org/

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting - Detailed Report

Scientific Rating:
3
Promising Research Evidence
See scale of 1-6
Scientific Rating:
3 - Promising Research Evidence

Relevance to Child Welfare Rating:
2
Relevance to Child Welfare Rating:
2 - Medium

Child Welfare Outcomes: Child/family well-being

Type of Maltreatment: Not specified

Target Population: Parents

Brief Description:

STEP (Systematic Training for Effective Parenting) has been rated by the CEBC in the area of Parent Training. STEP (Systematic Training for Effective Parenting) is a multi-component parenting education curriculum. The three STEP programs help parents learn effective ways to relate to their children from birth through adolescence by using parent education study groups. By identifying the purposes of children's behavior, STEP also helps parents learn how to encourage cooperative behavior in their children and how not to reinforce unacceptable behaviors. STEP also helps parents change dysfunctional and destructive relationships with their children by offering concrete alternatives to abusive and ineffective methods of discipline and control. STEP is offered in three separate programs covering early childhood, children ages seven through twelve, and teenagers. Each program contains a leader's resource guide, promotional tools, videos and parent handbooks.

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Essential Components

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STEP is intended for parent education study groups.

  • Parents share their concerns and learn that their problems are not unique.
  • Parents become aware that their own reactions and attitudes may have unintentionally influenced their children's unacceptable behaviors

STEP provides clear Course Objectives.

  • Parents gain an understanding of developmental sequences and their child's accomplishments.
  • Parents learn how children's belief systems are formed.
  • Parents learn to identify the four goals of misbehavior and how to foster positive results
    • Attention
    • Power
    • Revenge
    • Inadequacy
  • Parents discover ways to build children's self-esteem through the process of encouragement
  • Parents develop an effective discipline system based on both firmness and kindness
  • Parents learn to deal with emotional problems and promote positive emotional growth


Group Format

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting was designed to be conducted in a group.

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting has been tested for use in a group setting.

Testing references:

Studies are listed at http://www.agsnet.com/parenting/step/.

The recommended group size is: There is no set minimum/maximum group size, but is recommended to break large groups into smaller discussion groups for better interaction. 12-15.


Recommended Parameters

Recommended intensity: Weekly sessions, 60-90 minutes each.

Recommended duration: 7 weeks.


Homework

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting includes a homework component.

Description: Parents are directed to read a chapter each week from a short parent handbook. Activities each week include observations of their child's behavior and implementation of skills learned each week in the parenting group. Parents are asked to provide brief oral reports each week sharing their results.


Delivery Setting

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting is typically conducted in a(n): Adoptive Home, Birth Family Home, Community Agency, Foster Home, Hospital, Outpatient Clinic, Residential Care Facility, and School.


Parent Component

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting was designed with a Parent Component.

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting addresses the following presenting problems and symptoms: Dysfunctional and destructive relationships with children; abusive and ineffective methods of discipline and control.


Child Component

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting was not designed with a Child Component.

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting was not developed for children with developmental delays.

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting has not been tested for children with developmental delays.


Racial/Ethnic Diversity

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting was not designed for specific racial/ethnic/cultural groups.

STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting was not tested in specific racial/ethnic/cultural groups.


Education and Training Resources

There is a manual that describes how to implement this program.

There is training available for STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting.

Training contact: Kari Johnson, AGS, KARIJ@agsnet.com, 800-328-2560

Number of days/hours: One day/Six contact hours

Training is obtained: Onsite, Regional

There currently are not additional qualified resources for training.


Identified Resources Necessary to Implement Program

The typical resources for implementing STEP: Systematic Training for Effective Parenting are: None given.


Minimum Provider Qualifications

Trained in counseling, psychology, social work, the ministry, pediatrics, education, nursing, psychiatry, or similar areas. Ability to lead groups.


Relevant Published, Peer-Reviewed Research

Show Relevant Published, Peer-Reviewed Research

Hammett, V. L., Omizo, M. M., & Loffredo, D. A. (1981). The effects of participation in a STEP program on parents' child-rearing attitudes and the self-concepts of their learning disabled children. Exceptional Child, 28, 183-190.

Randomly controlled trial. Parents in the STEP group scored significantly higher on the Acceptance and Trust subscales of the Parent Attitude Survey and their children scored significantly higher on the Personal-Self and Social-Self subscales of the Primary Self-Concept Inventory.

Noller, P., & Taylor, R. (1989). Parent education and family relations. Family Relations, 38, 196-200.

Non-random, uncontrolled study comparing STEP to the Parent Effectiveness Training program. The two courses were equally effective immediately after the intervention and at an 8-week follow-up.

Nystul, M. S. (1982). The effects of Systematic Training for Effective Parenting on parental attitudes. The Journal of Psychology, 112, 63-66.

Randomized controlled trial found that STEP mothers were more democratic than the control group mothers in child-rearing attitudes and had a statistically significant increase in Encouraging Verbalization and a statistically significant decrease in Strictness after completing the STEP program.

R. E., Omizo, M. M., & Abrams, B. C. (1984). Effects of STEP on parental attitudes and locus of control of their learning disabled children. The School Counselor, 32, 126-133.

Random controlled trial. Statistically significant post treatment differences between the scores for the treatment and control groups were found on the Acceptance, Trust, and Causation scales of the Parent Attitude Survey.



References

Show References

Brooks, L. D., Spearn, R. C., Rice, M., Crocco, D., Hodgins, C., & Schaaf, V. (1988). Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP): An evaluation study with a Canadian population. Canada's Mental Health, 36, 2-5.

Campbell, N. A., & Sutton, J. M., Jr. (1983). Impact of parent education groups on family environment. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 8, 126-132.

Hammett, V. L., Omizo, M. M., & Loffredo, D. A. (1981). The effects of participation in a STEP program on parents' child-rearing attitudes and the self-concepts of their learning disabled children. Exceptional Child, 28, 183-190.

McInnis-Dittrich, K. (1996). Violence prevention: An ecological adaptation of Systematic Training for Effective Parenting. Families in Society, 77(1), 412-422.

Meredith, R., & Benninga, J. S. (1979). Counseling with parents to benefit children. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 14, 36-42.

Naso, M. & Mirande, E. (1990). Efforts to help parents of LEP students take many forms. BEOutreach, 1(3), 8-14.

Noller, P., & Taylor, R. (1989). Parent education and family relations. Family Relations, 38, 196-200.

Nystul, M. S. (1982). The effects of Systematic Training for Effective Parenting on parental attitudes. The Journal of Psychology, 112, 63-66.

Sharpley, C. F., & Poiner, A. M. (1980). An exploratory evaluation of the Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) programme. Australian Psychologist, 15, 103-109.

Snow, J. N., Kern, R. M. & Penick, J. (1997). The effects of STEP on patient progress in an adolescent day hospital. Individual Psychology, 53(4), 388-395.

Wantz, R. A., & Recor, R. D. (1984). Simultaneous parent-child group intervention. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 19, 126-131.

Williams, R. E., Omizo, M. M., & Abrams, B. C. (1984). Effects of STEP on parental attitudes and locus of control of their learning disabled children. The School Counselor, 32, 126-133.



Contact Information

Contact name: AGS Publishing

Email: agsmail@agsnet.com

Phone: 800-328-2560

Fax: 800-471-8457

Website: http://www.parentingeducation.com


Date reviewed: March 2006