This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cachildwelfareclearinghouse.org/
This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cachildwelfareclearinghouse.org/
Child Welfare Outcomes: Safety.
Type of Maltreatment: Emotional abuse, Exposure to domestic violence, Physical abuse, and Physical neglect
Target Population: Parents who are at high-risk for, or have substantiated reports of, child maltreatment
Brief Description:
The Nurturing Parenting Programs have been rated by the CEBC in the areas of Parent Training and Prevention (Secondary). The Nurturing Parenting Programs are family-based programs utilized for the treatment and prevention of child abuse and neglect. Program sessions are offered in group-based and home-based formats ranging from 12 to 48 sessions. Programs are designed for parents with young children birth to 5 years old, school-aged children 5 to 11 years old, and teens 12 to 18 years old. In addition, programs for children 5 to 11 years old and teens 12 to 18 years old are also offered. Parents and their children meet in separate groups that meet concurrently. Developed from the known behaviors that contribute to the maltreatment of children, the goals of the curriculum are: 1) to teach age-appropriate expectations and neurological development of children; 2) to develop empathy and self worth in parents and children; 3) to utilize nurturing, non-violent strategies and techniques in establishing family discipline; 4) to empower parents and children to utilize their personal power to make healthy choices; and 5) to increase awareness of self and others in developing positive patterns of communication while establishing healthy, caring relationships.
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Each of the programs comes with a lesson guide, parent handbook, and videos/DVD's.
The foundation of the Nurturing Parenting Programs is that parenting is learned.
There are six assumptions the Nurturing Parenting Programs is based on (as defined on the SAMHSA National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP) website, where it is listed as a Legacy Program)
Parents and Their Infants, Toddlers and Preschoolers
Offered as a 48-session home-based or 24-session group-based program. Parents learn about recognizing and understanding feelings; infant and child development; nurturing parenting routines; alternatives to hitting; effective non-violent discipline; and ways to build self-esteem and self-confidence in children.
Parents and Their School-Age Children
Offered as a 15-session group-based program, Parents and children learn about empathy; appropriate behaviors; brain development; rewards and punishments; praise and self-esteem; non-violent discipline; and ways to have fun as a family.
Parents and Their Teens
Offered as a 12-session group-based program. Topics include communication; feelings and needs; the importance of self-concept; personal power; brain development in adolescents; pregnancy delay; sex; chemical/drug abuse; AIDS; suicide; and peer pressure.
Nurturing Parenting Programs was designed to be conducted in a group.
Nurturing Parenting Programs has been tested for use in a group setting.
Testing references:
Bavolek, S, Keene R and Weikert P. (2004) The Florida study: A comparative examination of the effectiveness of the Nurturing Programs. Final Report, DCF of Florida as found on www.nurturingparenting.com
Cowen, P.S. (2001) Effectiveness of a parent education intervention for at risk families. Journal of the Society for Pediatric Nursing, 6(2), 73-82, 2001.
Devall, E. (2004) Positive parenting for high-risk families. Journal for Family and Consumer Sciences, 96(4).
The recommended group size is: Dependent on the functioning levels of the parents, between 8 to 12 adults and their children meeting in a separate group. Adults - 12 to 15. Children - 12 (depending on age and abilities).
Recommended intensity: 4 sessions per month. Group-based sessions range from 2.5 to 3 hours. Home-based sessions generally run 90 minutes.
Recommended duration: 12 to 48 weeks.
Nurturing Parenting Programs includes a homework component.
Description: Parents and children practice at home the skills they are learning in the sessions.
Nurturing Parenting Programs is typically conducted in a(n): Birth Family Home, Community Agency, Department of Mental Health, Departments of Social Service, Parent Education Program, Prison, School, and Workplace.
Nurturing Parenting Programs was designed with a Parent Component.
Nurturing Parenting Programs addresses the following presenting problems and symptoms: Dysfunctional and abusive/neglecting parenting patterns.
Nurturing Parenting Programs was designed with a Child Component.
Nurturing Parenting Programs addresses the following presenting problems and symptoms: Abuse and neglect.
Age range(s): 0-18
Nurturing Parenting Programs was not developed for children with developmental delays.
Nurturing Parenting Programs has not been tested for children with developmental delays.
Nurturing Parenting Programs was designed for specific racial/ethnic/cultural groups.
Nurturing Parenting Programs was tested in specific racial/ethnic/cultural groups.
Specific Groups: Hispanic, African-American, Hmong.
Relevant research studies:
Studies with Hispanic parents:
Devall, E. (2004) Positive parenting for high-risk families, Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 96(4).
Citations not provided for African-American or Hmong parents.
There is a manual that describes how to implement this program.
There is training available for Nurturing Parenting Programs.
Training contact: Joan Marie Dellinger, Fnc@nurturingparent.com
Number of days/hours: 1 to 3 days depending on the skills of the audience.
Training is obtained: Through agency-sponsored statewide, region-wide or nationwide workshops
There currently are additional qualified resources for training.
List of additional qualified resources: Family Development Resources, Inc. has a cadre of nationally recognized trainers and consultants available to conduct statewide and local trainings. See website for contact information: www.nurturingparenting.com.
The typical resources for implementing Nurturing Parenting Programs are: A one-time purchase of program manuals, DVDs, assessment tools, supplemental learning materials that runs approximately $900 to $1,800.
Agency personnel typically administer the program absorbing personnel costs. Location usually requires two rooms: one for parents and one for children.
College education in a related field and experience with group instructional skills for implementing parent/child sessions is required.
Cowen, P.S. (2001). Effectiveness of a parent education intervention for at-risk families. Journal of the Society of Pediatric Nursing, 6(2), 73-82.
Type of Study: Pre-test, Post-test
Number of participants: 154 families
Population:
Location/Institution: National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse, Iowa Chapter
Summary (To include comparison groups, outcomes, measures, notable limitations): Parents completed a sociodemographic questionnaire concerning family background on entry into the program. They also completed the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory, which is designed to measure attitudes about childrearing practices. The inventory assesses level of agreement or disagreement with abusive and neglectful parenting practices. Parents then attended the Bavolek Nurturing Program, which teaches democratic parenting techniques and focuses on remediating four parenting constructs typically associated with abusive and neglectful parenting: Inappropriate expectations, low empathy, strong belief in value of punishment, and role reversal. Post-test scores showed statistically significant improvements in all four areas. Significant limitations of the study included lack of a control group and the fact that a substantial percentage of available families did not fully participate or provided incomplete data.
Length of post-intervention follow-up: None
Devall, E.L. (2004). Positive parenting for high-risk families. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 96(4), 22-28.
Type of Study: Pre-test, Post-test
Number of participants: 323 parents
Population:
Location/Institution: New Mexico
Summary (To include comparison groups, outcomes, measures, notable limitations): Parenting classes were offered in schools, community centers, public health offices, family resource centers and in prisons for incarcerated parents. Retention was encouraged by weekly mailings, phone contact and through a graduation ceremony for those who attended at least 75% of class sessions. Analyses of the data were done on the 56% of the sample who provided data that was at least 80% complete at post-test. Three questionnaires were administered at the first and last classes. The Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory, which measures degree of endorsement of neglectful or abusive parenting practices. The Nurturing Quiz assesses parents’ knowledge of effective age-appropriate discipline techniques. The Family Social History Questionnaire gathers information on parent demographic variables and the number and age of children. Post-test means showed improvement on Inappropriate Expectations, Empathy, Belief in Corporal Punishment and Role-Reversal. Scores on the Nurturing Quiz also improved significantly. Limitations include lack of a control group and low rates of completion for the entire curriculum.
Length of post-intervention follow-up: None.
Cowen, P.S. (2001) Effectiveness of a parent education intervention for at-risk families. Journal of the Society for Pediatric Nursing, 6(2), 73-82, 2001.
Devall, E., (2004) Positive parenting for high-risk families. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 96(4), 2004.
Contact name: Stephen J. Bavolek, Ph.D.
Affiliation/Agency: Family Development Resources, Inc.
Email: sjbav@aol.com
Phone: 828-698-7609
Fax: 435-649-9599
Website: http://www.nurturingparenting.com